Body Dysmorphic Disorder (BDD)
Preoccupation with perceived physical defects, not observable to others, leading to repetitive behaviors and distress.
Etiology (Biopsychosocial Model)
Biological: Serotonin imbalance, visual processing deficits.
Psychological: Perfectionism, shame, appearance-based self-worth.
Social: Perfectionism, shame, appearance-based self-worth.
Symptoms & Diagnosis (Mnemonic: MIRROR):
M - Mental acts (comparison, reassurance)
I - Impairment in functioning
R - Repetitive behaviors (grooming, checking)
R - Rules out eating disorder if weight is concern
O - Obsessive preoccupation
R - Obsessive preoccupation
Treatment
CBT with mirror exposure and perceptual retraining
SSRIs for obsessive symptoms
Avoid cosmetic procedures; they rarely help
Info
DSM-5-TR Code
F45.22
Prevalence
~2.4% in adults; muscle dysmorphia more common in males.