Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD)
A disorder characterized by the presence of obsessions, compulsions, or both, that are time-consuming and cause distress or impairment.
Etiology (Biopsychosocial Model)
Biological: Overactive cortico-striatal-thalamic circuits; serotonin dysregulation.
Psychological: Perfectionism, intolerance of uncertainty.
Social: Early trauma, family accommodation, cultural reinforcement.
Symptoms & Diagnosis (Mnemonic: OCD RITUALS):
O - Obsessions: unwanted thoughts/images
C - Compulsions: repetitive behaviors
D - Distress and time-consuming (≥1 hour/day)
R - Resistance to obsessions/compulsions
I -Insight may vary (good to delusional)
T - Thoughts not due to substances
U - Unrelated to another mental disorder
A - Avoidance is common
L - Life disruption
S - Specify with tic-related features
Treatment
CBT with Exposure and Response Prevention (ERP).
SSRIs (e.g., fluoxetine, fluvoxamine).
Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant cases.
Info
DSM-5-TR Code
F42
Prevalence
Deep brain stimulation for treatment-resistant cases.