Somatic Symptom Disorder
One or more distressing somatic symptoms with excessive thoughts, feelings, or behaviors related to the symptom(s), lasting >6 months.
Etiology (Biopsychosocial Model)
Biological: Possible heightened sensory perception, familial tendency toward somatization.
Psychological: Health anxiety, catastrophizing, negative affectivity.
Social: Medical overuse, reinforcement through sympathy, early trauma.
Symptoms & Diagnosis (Mnemonic: APPLE)
A - Anxiety about health
P - Persistent symptoms (≥6 months)
P - Preoccupation with seriousness
L - Life disruption from symptoms
E - Excessive time and energy on health concerns
Treatment
CBT for somatization
Psychoeducation about mind-body link
Regular follow-up with one consistent clinician
SSRIs in comorbid anxiety/depression
Info
DSM-5-TR Code
F45.1
Prevalence
Estimated 4–6% in general adult population; higher in women and primary care settings.