Bipolar I Disorder
Characterized by at least one manic episode, which may be preceded or followed by hypomanic or depressive episodes.
Etiology (Biopsychosocial Model)
Biological: Strong genetic basis (heritability ~80%), dopamine and circadian rhythm dysregulation.
Psychological: Goal dysregulation, personality traits (e.g., high impulsivity).
Social: Stressful life events, family conflict, sleep disruption.
Symptoms & Diagnosis (Mnemonic: DIG FAST)
- D - Distractibility
- I - Indiscretion (risk-taking)
- G - Grandiosity
- F - Flight of ideas
- A - Activity increase
- S - Sleep deficit (↓ need for sleep)
- T - Talkativeness (pressured speech)
Duration: ≥1 week or requiring hospitalization.
Treatment
Mood stabilizers: Lithium, valproate.
Atypical antipsychotics: e.g., olanzapine.
Psychosocial: Psychoeducation, CBT, family-focused therapy.
Info
DSM-5-TR Code
F31.9 (use specifiers for episode types)
Prevalence
~1.5% 12-month prevalence; equal among males and females.