Etiology (Biopsychosocial Model)

Biological: Dysregulation of reward pathways, HPA axis involvement.

Psychological: High attachment dependence, history of depression.

Social: Loss of primary attachment figure, low social support.

Symptoms & Diagnosis (Mnemonic: GRIEF PAIN)

G - Grief lasting ≥12 months (6 months in children)

R - Rumination or preoccupation with the deceased

I - Intense emotional pain and yearning

E - Emotional numbness or detachment

F - Functioning impaired socially, occupationally

P - Persistent longing

A - Avoidance of reminders

I - Identity disruption

N - Negative mood, guilt

Treatment

Complicated Grief Therapy (CGT)

Supportive grief counseling

Low-dose antidepressants (if comorbid depression)